The Programme Director Essay Example for Free

The Programme Director EssayI would like to apply for the Nursing Programme in your esteemed university. I unwaveringly believe that my interests in the field of nursing, my confidence and my realise hold me in good stead over my colleagues for this programme. I have had a lot of experience in patient care, laboratory work and clinical examination over the years. I was a medical checkup exam Assistant at Bryman College in 1996 January, after which I shifted to Phlebotomy Plus (Walnut Creek) in Nov 1999). From Jan 2000 to Jun 2000, I worked as Front and Back Office Medical Assistant at Pacific Coast Internal Medical Group (San Francisco, CA). I was fortunate to gain a lot of experience while on this job, where I was involved in patient scheduling, completing and recalling medical charts of patients.I enter vital statistics patients for the physician. I administered injections to adult patients and processed urine samples also. I also used to liase with the local pharmacy in h elping patients tick their prescriptions filled. This position involved a lot of responsibility and I was successful in carrying out what was expected of me. From July 2002 till Dec 2002 I was at the incisive triage unit at the San Francisco General Hospital where I performed phlebotomies. I also performed clinical examination of pediatric patients within the triage unit. I maintained the patient charts, and recorded the vital statistics of patients.It was also my responsibility to ensure sending of samples to the laboratory and getting back the reports. Between Jun 2000 to May 2004, I was also at the Labcorp/Quest diagnostics as the Phlebotomist and Office Manager in San Francisco. The unit was a busy one and I managed a team of 1-2 phlebotomists in carrying phlebotomies in this high intensity unit. I also processed specimen samples, and carried out patient registration. I successfully maintained very high lab standards according to California OSHA standards 3.From Jun 2005 to p resent, I am currently holding the post of Lab Technician at Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA. Here, I am a part of a investigate team conducting a guinea pig on growth and development of girls between 6-8 years. I conduct phlebotomies, urine collection, and DNA collection. I do the logging of all samples and ensure shipping to CDC. entropy entry of patient information is among some of my other responsibilities. In view of the experience I have gained in laboratory and clinical work, which has included research work, I believe I have the requisite qualifications for this programme. My diligence and meticulousness build up my confidence I believe I will be an asset to any university I attend. I hope my application gets the best attention it deserves.In anticipation of a favourable response

Soft bass Essay Example for Free

Soft bass EssayIt starts with a deep, soft bass. I was wondering if it was sacking to start really slow. I was really surprised when the lead fiddler starts so strong. Her solo was very sinewy. But at the same time very stressful to me. I imagined a scene where someone was dying and people were fighting. And this feeling was amplified even more when the rest of the orchestra joined in. After the third routine though, it started to get softer and slower. This time it sounded peaceful and serene. This goes on until the build up of the fifth minute.But it goes back to being soft. I got a little confused as to why it sounded like a rollercoaster going up and down. The best part of the first movement for me would be the last two minutes when the wind instruments could be heard and not part of the background. Its playful tune balanced out the powerful violin solo. Overall, I think the first movement was very powerful and emotional. The second movement was very lovely. I felt ve ry at home. Hearing the soft strings and grace notes brought back memories of good times with my family. resembling a Christmas gathering with a warm fire inside and a beautiful landscape of snow outside. The echoing of the soloist and the other strings, I found very amusing. And if I am allowed, cute. The whole movement was just very lovely. The wind instruments gave it a lot more happiness with its staccatos very such(prenominal) like bunnies hopping somewhat in the spring. I think this movement would be absolutely beautiful to play at a wedding. The third movement starts with the soloist.Its feel was very much like the first movement with its powerful notes. I like how the orchestra comes out softly then builds up to a strong note. It reminded me a little of ennoble of the Rings when the Wraiths were after the Hobbits. The third movement wasnt stressful though unlike the first. It was very powerful but it was a happy aura. Like dogs having a tug of war with a blanket and roll ing over each other. The last part becomes really soft and slow just the solo violinist and the winds. I liked it very much.

Ethics and Corruption in Cycling

chasteity and Corruption in CyclingEthics in period of diddle- The Case of CyclingIntroductionThe Higher Moral and estimable GroundConclusionBibliographyIntroductionAs one of the worlds much demanding variants, cycling extracts as strong as expects a maximum mathematical operation from its professional discovericipants. It pits them straightway against the worlds best in the sport on almost each outing, thus creating a field of competition whereby they argon judged, and rated in almost every outing against the leading stars. Unlike other aggroup sports whereby ones performance is measured, and or gauged against those of a like acquirement or position, cycling does not provide this cushion or hedge. Ones performance comes under direct scrutiny each, and every outing with clipping sheet comparisons to indicate ones standing, be it the mountain climbing segment, sprints, or over completely balanced performance through a make up or encumbrance. The demands of strength, endurance, intestinal fortitude, and mental stamina that is spread in most campaigns over days, and in the case of the Tour de France, weeks, creates an atmosphere of pressure to perform that is unknown in around(prenominal) other type of professional sport.Dr. Alejandro Lucia (Cheung, 2003), a world recognized authority in the physiology of professional cycling, has give ind that the training as swell as discipline required to participate exact a high mental toll that is also a factor of the high stress of physical instruct as well as genetics. As would be expected, each country with major participants in professional cycling has its own cycling federation, however, the centre Europenne de Cyclisme, European Cycling Union, is the confederation that oversees the Union Cycliste Internationale, International Cycling Union, which is the professional agreement that oversees professional cycling events glob every last(predicate)y (UEC, 2007). This electric presidency has the r esponsibility for the issuance of licenses to professional cyclists, on with the enforcement of rules and regulations, which in this instance includes doping (UCI, 2007a). The professional cycling devisions that the the UCI oversees atomic number 18 road cycling events, track, mountain bike, cyclo-cross, BMX, Trials, indoor cycling, and para-cycling (UCI, 2007a).The International Cycling Union is a non-profit-making organization that was founded on 14 April 1900, and is headquartered in Aigle, Switzerland (UCI, 2007b). The organizations aims representThe regulation of professional cycling on the international level,The promotion of cycling internationally, in every country as well as at all levels,The organization of professional cycling World Championships for all cycling divisions,The encouragement as well as maintenance of friendly and professional relationships betwixt all cycling divisions,The promotion of sporting ethical codes as well as fair childs defraud,The deputati on of professional cycling along with the defence of its interests internationally,And the collaboration with the International Olympic Committee concerning cycling events held in the Olympics (UCI, 2007b).It is item 5. the promotion of sporting ethics as well as fair play, along with morals that represents the focus of this examination. And in nurtureing with such, the International Cycling Union has adopted a Code of Ethics that defines and specifies the conduct of action, and rules governing all professional cycling events (UCI, 2007c). It specifies that all executive, management, administrative, cyclists, and other several(prenominal)s and associations in any way affiliated as well as approach path under the aegis of the International Cycling Union must adhere to said Code of Ethics (UCI, 2007c). It sets forth that on a daily basis, all participants must comply with the rules of the Code of Ethics with respect to (UCI, 2007c)human dignity, doctrines of nondiscrimmination conc erning race, gender, ethic origin, gender, philosophical as well as governmental opinions, religion, marital staus, or any other forms of discrimination for whatever reason,the principle of nonviolence in any form as well as the exerting of any type of pressure, and or anguish by any means, specify physical, professional, mental, and sexual,the maintenance of haleness,to hold the antecedence of the best interests of the sport on a daily basis,to hold the priority of the interests of the sport as well as its athletes regarding financial interests,to protect the environment,to maintain neurality in semipolitical issues, andOlympism.Within this Code it is required that all parties uphold the principles as well as interests of professional cycling as well as refraining from any behaviour that might jeopardize the sport, and or the reputation of the UCI (UCI, 2007c). Within this framework is the important image of integrity, which means the firm adherance to a code of moral or art istic values (Interactive Playground, 2007). The preceding is specially inportant in the context of this examination as it foc offices on the ethical and moral questions of drug spend in the sport. Integrity represents a skill that is learned over time (Interactive Playground, 2007). As a part of the UCI Code of Ethics, integrity, under Article 4, is stated as the fact that all parties associated with the UCI shall thitherfore refrain from the asking for, acceptance of, and or proposal, either directly or indirectly, that any payment as well as commission, along with any advantages and or services of any type that has not been agreed to or authorized by the UCI shall not be under bring inn (UCI, 2007c). Furthermore, under inetgrity it also states that when any type of offers of the aforementioned variety are made, that the UCI be so informed (UCI, 2007c). state conditions under integrity, Article 5, go on to add that parties as covered under their association with the UCI can onl y accept symbolic gifts that are bestowed in the spirit of freindship as a matter of local custom, and that any other types of gifts are to be forwarded to the UCI (UCI, 2007c). The Code goes on to cover such fields as Conflict of Interests, and Confidentiality in laying out specific terms of conduct (UCI, 2007c).In keeping with the foregoing, the UCI has established an Ethics Commission, that has been granted authority in the following areas (UCI, 2007c)to oversee and ensure that all facets of the Code are respected,to field and receive complaints with regard to any infringement to the Code,to provide advice as well as assistance concerning ethical matters in all phases of the Code,to provide advice on the obviateance as well as resolution of conflicts of interests,to recommend sanctions as a gist of offences against the Code,to set forth measures for the industriousness and adherence to the Code, andto put forth proposals recommending programmes to teach and advise on ethics.Th e foregoing represents an exceedingly important facet in this discussion in that the UCI has taken an active stance in the areas of ethics, and morals, as defined by integrity. The foregoing represents a minute aspect in the examination of breaches, and scandals that turn over befallen the sport of cycling that have made the news recently, especially in the instance of the most recent achiever of the Tour de France.The Consequences of Individual ActionsAs indicated in the UCIs Code of Ethics as well as by the actions taken by this organization as far back as the 1960s when an article representing doping was introduced into the organizations rules, drugs have been a key consideration in ensuring that a level as well as cartelworthy representation of the sport was, and is a part of its operation (UCI, 2007d). The preceding focus was push enhanced by the following subsequent(prenominal) rules, and regulations (UCI, 2007din 1966 a similar article, on doping as referred to in 196 0, was added to the UCI Technical Guide,in 1967, the UCI published its initiatory list representing substances that were prohibited,in 1967 the UCI put into motion the prime(prenominal) sanctions taken against propelrs that refuse to undergo testing,1967 represented the publishing of the first Medical Control Rules, which were the forerunner to the Anti-doping RulesThe above historical understanding of the stance, and active programmes of the UCI is important in the context of recent events on doping in the sport of cycling. This examination shall cover the most noteworthy of these types of events, noting that doping issues have been a part of individual athlete rule broaching since the 1960s (UCI, 2007d).The Tour de France represents professional cyclings most premier, and prestigious event. Its scale and social and cultural significance demands the academic attention that it has not of all time received (Dauncey and Hare, 2003, p. 1). Covering in excess of 4,000 kilometres thr oughout France, and a few neighbouring countries, millions of on-hand spectators as well as hundreds of millions across the globe via television, and other forms of media follow the event. commencement exercise conducted in 1903, the Tour has been held as a pinnacle of sporting forthrightness that shows athletes at their best over three weeks of grueling competition through mountains, and at once stages that average around 150 plus kilometres per day (Dauncey and Hare, 2003, p. 228). Waddington (1998, p. 161) advises that a good Tour takes one year off your life, and when you finish in a grownup state, they reckon three years You cant describe to a normal person how tired you feel. They add that fatigue starts to kick in on the Tour after ten days if youre in good shape, and after five days if youre not in your best condition physically (Waddington, 1998, p. 161). Waddington (1998, p. 161) adds that Then, it all just gets worse and worse, you dont cat sleep so much, so you dont recover as well from the days racing, so you go into your reserves, you get more knackered, so you sleep less Its simply a vicious circle. Robert Millar, a Scottish cycling professional who rode in the Tour, goes on to state that It takes two weeks to recover from a good Tour, three months to recover from a bad one (Waddington, 1998, p. 161).This event is being utilized in the context of this examination as a answer of the intense competition between riders to look good on the world stage in cyclings biggest event. The preceding translates into the fact that the Tour de France cannot avoid seeing an increase in the demands on competitors with the ever-growing importance of television, whose systematic coverage of every stage has also brought in, on top of the necessary battle for the stage win, the necessary battle for permanent figurehead in front of the TV cameras, on that pointfore making races ever faster (Dauncey and Hare, 2003, p. 229). They add that there is a long-stand ing presence of doping in the Tour brings us back to the excessive nature of the race (Dauncey and Hare, 2003, p. 229). The first instance of doping in the Tour de France occurred in 1924 as a result of the confessions of the Pelissier brothers who admitted using cocaine for the eyes, thats chloroform for the gums (Dauncey and Hare, 2003, p. 230). The next of import doping issue occurred in 1955 when Tour riders Jean Mallejac, Ferdi Kubler and Charly Gaul admitted to winning substances (Dauncey and Hare, 2003, p. 229-230). Doping issues were subsequently repeated in (Dauncey and Hare, 2003, p. 230)1966 representing the first year in which -doping tests were carried out in the Tour de France (Dauncey and Hare, 2003, p. 230).In 1975 the first rider tested affirmatory for doping,In 1977 another incident was uncovered,In 1980, there was another issue of a rider testing positive for drugs.But, the most noted example came in 1998 when the winner of the Tour, Marco Pantini tested pos itive in a subsequent race called the Tour of Italy in 1999 (Appleyard, 2006). In 2000, Frenchman Richard Virengue, a celebrated rider in the Tour, admitted to using drugs during a Festina trial (Dauncey and Hare, 2003, p. 232), with the biggest scandal taking discover in 2006 when major Tour riders Jan Ullrich, a winner of the Tour in 1997, and Ivan Basso where forced to withdraw from the event (Leicester, 2006). But, for the first time in the biography of the Tour de France in 2006, the winner was later declared ineligible and stripped of his title after testing positively for drugs (Bagratuni, 2006). Subsequent testing after the Tour was completed found that Landis tested positive for the 17th stage to Morzine that he won in what has been termed spectacular fashion after a long ride over 130 kilometres that included three major alpine peaks (Bagratuni, 2006). The discovery wound up causing the cancellation of a later racing event in the Netherlands as well as Denmark, and se t off an international furor over doping that had been building for years (cbc.ca, 2006a). The scandals brought back to the forefront past cycling scandals, as a result of the magnitude of the 2006 Tour winner being stripped of his crown. A lot of journalists stated that the 1998 scandals nearly killed the Tours integrity as well as value when an employee of the Festina team was arrested with a carload of performance enhancing drugs that included one called erythropoietin (EOP), which is a hormone that helps the blood carry more atomic number 8 which thus lets riders carry on longer as well as faster (cbc.ca, 2006a).That incident lead to the arrest of six members of the Festina cycling team, out of baseball game club utilized in the Tour, who admitted to the use of drugs that aided in their performance, along with the leader of the Credit Agricole team Christophe Moreau, who later in that same year tested positive for anabolic steroids (cbc.ca, 2006a). The litany continues w ith the following incidents as well as allegations (cbc.ca, 2006a)2002 apothegm Stefano Garzelli, the leader of the Vini Caldirola team (cbc.ca, 2006) tested positive for probenecid. The preceding is a diuretic that is often used to mask the presence of other drugs.2003 saw Igor Gonzalez, a Spanish cyclist, being banned from the Tour de France after he tested positive for an anti-asthma.2004 saw the law of nature in France seize EPO, amphetamines as well as male hormones, and the arrest to Cofidis team cyclists.Lance Armstrong, the most celebrated Tour winner was accused of doping allegations, and later cleared.The preceding has damaged the reputation, and sporting fairness of cycling, and represents a long list of doping scandals that have also rocked other sports. The spectacular performances of the 1970s, and 80s East German swimming teams saw a large number of stellar performers later come down with negative health and side effects such as liver cancer, organ damage, psychol ogical defects, hormonal changes and infertility that called into question that they might have taken performance enhancing drugs (cbc.ca, 2006b). Kornelia Ender, the winner of four gold and the silver gold medals during the 1972, and 76 Olympics revealed she had been taking drug injections since she was 13 (cbc.ca, 2006b). Her situation mirrors that of other East German swimmers Barbara Krause, four gold and silver medals, Carola Nitschke, and others (cbc.ca, 2006b). Incidents of doping scandals hit the 1983 Pam Am Games that was held in Caracas, Venezula, U.S. Track and Field, professional baseball and football in the United States, and a host of other sports (cbc.ca, 2007a). The pressures to perform in all manner of sports is clear, and in the case of professional cycling has been particularly damaging owing to the international nature of the sport.The Higher Moral and Ethical GroundThe preceding examples as well as histories of cycling, and other scandals have left hand the sp ort in a serious state of affairs. These events, and created a situation that has put ,,, cycling at a fork in the road (Case and Sachs, 2006). The reverse of Floyd Landis to pass drug tests after winning the Tour de France resulted in the disbanding of the entire team as sponsors canceled their contracts (Abt, 2006). Gibbs (2000, p. 4) opens up a broad range of considerations in the case of ethics that takes into account that it, ethics, brings with it the responsibility for others. He states that ethics also takes into account that We also are responsible for each other in a joint way when justice requires us to become present, one-to-another (Gibbs, 2000. p. 4). A situation that is made even more the case in cycling as a team is built to promote one rider, and when that rider or members of the team fails, the entire team suffers. The case of the collapse of Floyd Landis team after the 2006 Tour scandal is conclusion of this point. Gibbs (2000, p. 4) stated the foregoing above, which in a team sport such as cycling makes such a bind more important. He adds that we are bound asymmetrically to each other, and ethical mutuality is possible only because of that excess of responsibility (Gibbs, 2000. p. 4). And add that such represents a community whereby the actions of one move the standings of others. As a community, cycling represents a prime example of the foregoing.Mottram (2003, p. 52) brings forth an interesting proposition that The motivating factors for drug misuse do not inevitably lie in the hands of the athlete. He (Mottram, 2003, p. 52) points to a number of studies whereby the majority of athletes, coaches, medical practitioners and others involved in sport do not save the use of performance-enhancing drugs. There is an however he states, which represents that these results may reflect the respondents ethical and moral attitudes to the problem, but in practice the pressures of competition may compel them to take a more pragmatic approach to dr ug taking (Mottram, 2003, p. 52). Gibbs (2000, p. 4) adds to the foregoing in stating that ethics are the will, conscious intentions, deliberate choices, or the perfection of an individual rational life. Sports, and in this instance cycling, embody rules of fair play, ethics, and other value systems that the public idealizes, and seeks to imagine in a world of uncertainty, corporate, and political corruption. Fans, and more importantly children, tend to view winning athletes as role models, thus when that trust is shattered it damages not just the individual, but the sport as a whole. Dauncey and Hare (2003, p. 182) describe this as The spectators ethical analysis of the conduct of their favorite riders is arguably more complex than that of the Tour organizers (limited to the rules of the race) or that of the French state (limited to French law and Republican values towards sport) or that of cycle sports international ruling bodies such as the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI).Co nclusionEthics is a concept, ideal, and principle that is rooted in moral philosophy. Platos dialogues delves into the question of the subjectivity or objectivity of morality provides the focus for the earliest complete works of philosophy (Graham, 2004, p. 1). Our belief, and use of moral values represents an evolution of the human spirit that is traced back to Plato, and his teacher Socrates. They held that there is a radical difference between the world of facts, and the world of values, between physis and nomos to use the Greek words, the difference being that when it comes to matters of value, the concepts of true and false have no meaningful application (Graham, 2004. p. 1). Thus, Graham (2004, p. 1) holds that By implication, then, in ethics there is no scope for proof and demonstration as there is in science and mathematics ethical argument is a matter of rhetoric, which is to say, of persuading people to believe what you believe kind of than proving to them that the beli efs you hold are true. Rist (2001. p. 1) states that there is a core concern in ethics that is widely admitted to be a crisis in contemporary Western debate about ethical foundations. He tells us that we are members of a big community and that what binds us together in a livable ordination is the belief, and practice of ethics as a matter of trust (Rist, 2001. p. 205).He (Rist, 2001. p. 119) brings up the foundational principle of the problem of the relation between fairness and justice (in what circumstances and by what criteria should people be treated equally, and that rules are seemingly needed if fairness as well as rights are to be enforced. He continues that ethics refers to the good life for humans as a whole, and that morality is limited to what we are told we ought, or more likely what we ought not to do (Rist, 2001, p. 120). Hare (1997, p. 1) tells us that ethics can also be termed as a moral philosophy whereby it represents the point that philosophers come snuggled to practical issues in morals and politics. Outka and Reeder (1993, p. 29) advise that the idea representing moral philosophy is and has been central to the history of philosophy and figures prominently with regard to recent moral, legal, and political thought and action. They bring forth the interesting proposition that there is agreement on very general principles (of morality) such as the Golden Rule, and noise over more specific precepts, or that there is agreement over general moral ends and disagreement over particular means or strictly factual considerations. Morality represents the concept of does and donts, and that the mark of a civilized society is that its members share this concept, for only because they have it do civilized people concede that human conduct everywhere is properly judged by standards accessible to members of societies other than their own, whose opinions they are not entitled to ignore (Outka and Reeder, 1993, p. 29). The preceding is central to th is discussion of the ethical, and moral questions of drug use in cycling.The Code of Ethics as defined by the International Cycling Union has nine key points, representing (UCI, 2007c)human dignity,principles of nondiscrimmination concerning race, gender, ethic origin, gender, philosophical as well as political opinions, religion, marital staus or any other forms of discrimination for whatever reason,the principle of nonviolence in any form, as well as the exerting of any type of pressure and or harassment by any meas, specify phyical, professional, mental and sexual,the maintenance of integrity,to hold the priority of the best interests of the sport on a daily basis,to hold the priority of the interests of the sport as well as its athletes regarding financial interests,to protec the environment,to maintain neurality in political issues, andOlympism.The foregoing harkens back to Gibbs (2004, p. 4) statement that we are responsible for each other in a mutual way when justice requires us to become present, one-to-another. He adds that we are bound asymmetrically to each other, and ethical mutuality is possible only because of that excess of responsibility. That sense of community represents what the International Cycling Union is, and thus the highly damaging effects of individual actions to the whole. As the overall governing body of cycling, the International Cycling Union seeks to make these principles a reality, however, it has failed to demo these into the consciousness of some of its members, which represents a real source for concern. It, the taking of drugs, has been stated by the International Olympic Committee in the following manner (Mottram, 2003, p. 52-53) the use of doping agents in sport is both unhealthy and contrary to the ethics of sport, it is necessary to protect the physical and spiritual health of athletes, the values of fair play and of competition, the integrity and unity of sport, and the rights of those who take part in it at whatever level.It, drug use, represents a condition that is contrary to the very principles upon which sport is based (Mottram, 2003, p. 53). Dubin (1990) states that Sport is considered as character building, teaching the virtues of dedication, perseverance, endurance and self-discipline. He adds the important observations that sport helps us to learn from defeat as much as from victory, and team sports foster a spirit of co-operation and interdependenceimport(ing) something of moral and social values andintegrating us as individuals, to bring about a healthy, integrated society drug abuse would have no place in sport (Dubin, 1990). Thus, the question, in light of the preceding examples of drug use, is why so many athletes have resorted to cheating, and Why are the rules that govern sport often regarded as obstacles to be overcome or circumvented rather than as regulations designed to create equality of competitive opportunity and to define the parameters of the sport? (Dubin, 1990). The u nfair advantage of the use of drugs in sport lessens the outcome, and masks the potential of those who have superior abilities that are hidden by cheaters. It reduces the concept of sport itself, which is defined as an activity, pastime, and competition (Allwords.com, 2007). The U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA, 2007) states The spirit of sport means competing fairly and performing to the best of your abilitythe pursuit of excellence with applaud.The international implications of doping in sport has drawn the attention of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO, 2005) which drafted doping in sports, whereby it stated that sport should play an important role in the protection of health, in moral, cultural and physical education and in promoting international understanding and peace. The preceding is a broader application of the meaning and purpose of sport than addressed in this examination, but nevertheless is an impor tant facet in the understanding of the attention and implications of sport in our lives, as stated by the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA, 2007). Such higher ideals were and are behind the International Cycling Unions Code of Ethics, and the personal as well as individual responsibility of each and every person as well as organization affiliated or associated with it. Loland (2002, p. 143) advises that fair play is commonly understood as a set of norms for rule conformity and justice. He continues that (Loland, 2002, p. 144)Fairness, represents when Parties voluntarily engaged in sport competitions ought to act in accordance with the shared ethos of the competitions if this ethos is just.And that fair play provides for an equal platform of rules, regulations, methodologies and systems whereby competitors are given equal opportunity to perform by eliminating or compensating for significant inequalities that the competitors cannot influence in any significant way and for which they can not be held responsible.Loland (2002, p. 144) states that unless there is fair play, then the performance of athletes is not based upon talent, but some hidden advantages that corrupt the outcome and prompts inequality. The use of substances to enhance sports performance represents an issue that is as old as sport itself (Mottram, 2003. p. 307). Fair play is the operative concept behind the rules and regulations of the International Cycling Union, and is the ethical and moral foundation. The efforts of the ICU, as put forth by McNamee and Parry (1998) is that the moral structure of sport in terms of an implicit social contract (and thus to offer a rationale for why we should condemn cheating and so forth) needs further careful exploration through studies of both the history of sport and the contract tradition. Midgley (1974. p. 143) continues that the social contract is just one sort of analogy for rudimentary moral structures that seem to bind societies together, as a conceptual tool used by the prophets of the Enlightenment to derive political obligation from below rather than from above. Fairness and justice go to the root of modern civilization as the basis for order, and cooperation. Hare (1970. p. 179) argues that it is our duty to obey the rule always keep your promises is simply part of a game (the institution of promising, in this case), and that we could just as easily decide not to play, in which case the duty would evaporate. He concludes that For unless one accepts this principle, one is not a subscribing member of the institution which it constitutes, and therefore cannot be compelled logically to accept the institutional facts which it generates. (Hare, 1970. p. 179).The preceding are the principles and reasons for the conception of the International Cycling Union and its binding Code of Ethics on its members. It is the duty of these members to uphold and adhere to the principles of this Code as it represents the foundation for public trust and belief in the fact that the outcome of competitions reflects honest and accurate performances. The Play the Game Conference held on 10 November 2005 issued a declaration that best sums up that reasons for fairness, honest, integrity, morals and ethics in sport (Pro Cycling News, 2005). It calls for the organizing bodies within sports toEnsure that corruption, is eliminated from sports,And that the integrity of sports management is upheld by maintaining ethical behaviour,Through a demonstration of commitments to anticipate corruption.Corruption in sport represents any activity that changes the outcome from what it would have been if everyone adhered to the rules. It thus then provides the public with a true recording of performances in an orbital cavity they can trust and believe in. The pressures to perform mean little if such is aided by unfair advantages that skew results, thus it is the duty of the monitoring organization to enforce the rules as strictly as possible to mini mize cheating, as well as to administer strong drug testing. The community of cycling is larger than the athletes and members of the International Cycling Union. It includes every spectator that has and will ever watch the sport. In light of the recent and numerous scandals, much needs to be make to re-establish a platform of trust that the public can look ate and believe that the ills of the past, are in fact in the past. Such will pay back cycling to its former prominence, and help to further bound the community of athletes and fans to fair play, ethics and morality.BibliographyAbt, S. (2006) Cycling Shunned by sponsors, Landis team dies. 15 August 2006. Retrieved on 17 April 2007 from http//www.iht.com/articles/2006/08/15/sports/bike.phpAllwords.com (2007) sport. Retrieved on 18 April 2007 from http//www.allwords.com/query.php?SearchType=3Keyword=sportgoquery=Find+itLanguage=ENGAppleyard, B. (2006) Drugs and Debauchery. 3 July 2006. Vol. 135. New StatesmanBagratuni, J. (2006) T our winner Floyd Landis tests positive in latest cycling shock. 27 July 2006. Retrieved on 17 April 2006 from

The Management Of Pizza Hut Incorporates Commerce Essay

The Management Of pizza pie sea chantey Incorporates Commerce EssayThis report on abbreviation of anxiety of pizza pie chanty would not have been possible with come to the fore the kind support and help of the perplexity. We take this opportunity to express a deep wizard of our gratitude to entirely of them for their cordial support, valuable information and guidance, which helped us in completing this task through various coiffures.We likewise take this opportunity to express our primal gratitude and deep regards to our Instructor and Mentor Ms. Shagufta Rafif for her exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of this report.Table of ContentsSCOPE OF THE REPORTThis report on the management of pizza pie hut incorporates and analyzes different aspects of planning, organizing, influencing and controlling. Where necessary, the distinctive aras have been examined with the support of different management tools, models and techniques.The report too evaluates growing trends in the restaurant employment with special focus on the challenges pizza shanty is faced with. It also assesses the strengths of the business and how it has been able to survive in this recessionary era, where many restaurant businesses argon making heavy losses.A special focus has also been minded(p) on the goals setting, goals congruence and the management approaches to address the growing commercialise competition.Staff retention, professionalisation and their tumesce creation has also been critically evaluated in this report with tote uping to light the regions, where the module in coif, ownership and empowerment have been accepted and given ascribable weightage.Products sustainability with special promotions and usage of separate medium for marketing has also found space in this report to highlight potentials threats and hidden opportunities available to pizza army hut management in this sector. Underpinning the supply chain and contri bution to the society as a whole by the management of pizza pie hutch has also been foc utilize. billing STATEMENTThough making pizzas and selling them is our business, however we eternally feel proud to assume a perfect pizza. We also emphasis in go out caring and useful services to our nodes so that when they go out, they always wish to come back.Our module members atomic number 18 also proud of having us as their employers. They would elect to written report with us rather than joining any other organization. The reasons being simple, we look for their head being, leave behind them with opportunities for their development and they are rewarded in great fashion making them feel honored and privileged.While taking care of all above things, we are also mindful of the value we add to our appropriateholders, who place their reliance in our competencies of making profits.VISION OF pizza HUTWe never believe in mediocrity. We believe that in this highly competitive market, whole those survive which realise everything that is best. Best not only in terms of product, but best in terms of feeling of services provided, the best in terms of the surroundings and ambience of the restaurants, the best in terms of business, the best in terms of net tame and franchise and above all the best for all those who tend to learn our restaurants. pizza pie Hut logo.svgEXECUTIVE SUMMARYEver since the industrialization began, many businesses have seen ups and downs. in that location has been history of many products making their way to the consumers billet through markets and fading overtime with the invention of unused technology or becoming extinct for other reasons.The food industry and restaurant business also apothegm this upheaval in the last century. However, in last few decades, this business has seen a tremendous rise with many world famous brand restaurants mushrooming the king-size and nice cities of the world.During that era of prosperity, pizza pie Hut was established by PepsiCo in 1977, an Ameri drive out chain. The company owned it till 1997, when it was sold to Yum Brands, Inc., which also owns the restaurant set up of KFC and Taco Bell. As per latest report, there are 6,000 pizza Hut restaurants in the United States, whereas, 5,150 restaurants are in other countries of the world. In Karachi, the company has 21 restaurants, whereas, there are another 20 restaurants in other cities of Pakistan, bringing the total numbers to 41.Pizza Hut, as its name suggests is favorite for selling Pizza of different flavors (Chicken Tikka flavor is Pakistans most demanded product), however , alongside pizza, it also sells Pastas, Salad, Chicken Wings, Breadsticks, Garlic Bread and Beverages.There are different formats adopted for the restaurants designs. We post breakthrough a restaurant where all varieties are available with options of dine in, take away or home delivery. However, in our own city, we tummy induce most ou tlets just whirl take away options. In these outlets, we may not find all the varieties delinquent to limited space and staff.As mentioned above, the Pizza Hut owning company also has KFC and Taco Bell, so in some tells of the world (not in Pakistan), these sibling restaurants are co-located. We can find Pizza Hut restaurants in middle class nonetheless in lower class localities. They can be found in college campuses, food courts of shopping malls and some great stores homogeneous Target and Walmart.Yum Brands has been frontrunner in fulfilling its social responsibilities. It has invested in many educational, social and health sectors, thus playing its small-arm in reducing poverty, malnutrition and illiteracy in the world. It has also established Yum Foundation, through which many donor funded programs are underinterpreted. The group is not oblivious of its responsibilities of providing pollution free environment and has given it collectible enormousness and emphasis by d evoting pecuniary resources. In Pakistan, the franchiser of Pizza Hut invests in education sector of the country. In previous year floods, the franchiser not only provided bequest to the affected people but allowed to use its outlets for donation collection. Many times, the Edhi Foundation has also used Pizza Hut restaurants for collecting donation.The board of Directors of Yum Brands has an unambiguous constitution of designing their restaurants in such(prenominal) a manner that they not only ensure environment sustainability but proving to be a source of income generation of other small traders of the area and vicinity.In restaurant business, the guests are always king and every effort is made at Pizza Hut to satisfy the customer requirements and the complaints are addressed on the spot. Apart from customer satisfaction, Pizza Hut is also a proud employer of thousands of employees in Pakistan and across the globe. It has always invested in ontogeny professional skills of thei r staff and has given honor and dignity to them, which is perhaps not available in small restaurant businesses. We can see the way employees of small restaurants are treated and the remuneration they receive in exchange of their services. The employees of Pizza Hut feel proud becoming part of an International chain, which has inculcated teamwork and responsibility in them to strive for better services and thus in end getting satisfied customers, leave aloneing to come again and again.Pizza Hut has contributed greatly in shape of taxes to the government. It has provided jobs to thousands of employees and suppliers, who provide food related materials to these restaurants on a daily basis. The presence of these restaurants in different parts of the city and country ensures that small suppliers like chicken merchants, vegetable sellers have become partner in the business, which creates more jobs and opportunities for these businesses. It contributes to the supply chain in a greater wa y with sustainability of the systems at forefront.Pizza Hut has maintained high ethical standards and has never compromised on quality materials being used in its various products and quality services being provided to the customers. It is also mindful of its responsibilities to the shareholders and follows good corporate cheek policies which endure lasting impacts on the society in which it operates.PLANNINGPlanning is the process of determining how the system will achieve its object glasss. It is the systematic development of action, program aimed at r each(prenominal)ing agreed business objectives by the process of analyzing, evaluating and selecting among the opportunities which are foreseen. While making plans the management of PIZZA HUT has been cognizant of their missions, goals, strategies, policies etc. as elaborated below.PIZZA HUT OBJECTIVES IN PLANNINGMaking perfect pizzaProvision of courteous and facilitatory services to the customersOffering opportunities to increm ent, advancement and rewarding careers in a fun safe work environment.Working for profit maximization.Providing the shareholders with value growthThe major objective of Pizza Hut is to achieve customer satisfaction which can be made possible by achieving the objectives of the company. If the company is successful in achieving its objectives, they will themselves make their customers pleased and satisfied.As the key product of Pizza Hut is pizza, the first and foremost objective of Pizza Hut is to make a perfect pizza and manage to achieve customer satisfaction. Pizza Hut has always strived hard to provide people with such meals that they find irresistible and which are allowed in their religions and cultures. measure to time new assumes are being offered to the customers to achieve customer satisfaction Demographics are always kept in mind before experimenting with a new kind of pizza, as it is the people who have to like the product and help the company in increasing their sales .The second objective of Pizza Hut is to provide courteous and valuable services to its customers. Pizza Hut ensures that their staff is trained enough to know how to treat their customers. They are trained to be friendly and well mannered. If a customer complaint is received, the staff is always told to believe in whatever the customer says and then solve the problem accordingly. Doing this makes the customer delighted by the services that are provided to them, wanting them to come to Pizza Hut the next time as well. If one customer is satisfied that one will bring hundred customers along with him and if one is dissatisfied that one will take away hundred customers. Briefing sessions are also held each day in which the staff members are given briefing about what they did well in the whole day and what are the things that they indispensableness to improve. The objectives and the strategies to reach those objectives are also told to them each day, to make them work accordingly.Thir d objective of Pizza Hut is to provide its staff member opportunities for progress and development together with a secure working environment. In-house training sessions are also organized for the staff members. The staff also sees their career path and growth within the organization and they also put all their energies in making organization possible to achieve its targets. Since goals achieved by the organization will last-placely result in growth of the staff as well. Although, we can see slumps in many industries but food industry is probably the only industry which has seen growth in recession period and is flourishing. This is all because of the dedication and sincerity of the staffs, who are encouraged and kept motivated. A safe and healthy working environment is also provided to them to make sure that they are happy enough to ensure the companys progress, as if the employees are happy with what is provided to them they will always work hard to achieve the objectives of the company. In order to make them happy, they are given incentives such as bonuses, meals, cash rewards etc as well.The fourth objective of Pizza Hut is profit maximization and giving their stakeholders (government, owners, customers, supplier, employees etc) significant growth. The Company does all the things mentioned above in order to maximize their profit and make their market standing better. Attaining all these objectives and making the customers satisfied will make the company earn profits.The fifth and final objective is to provide value growth to its shareholders. If a company is making profit, the ultimate gainers are its shareholders alongside the community in which it operates and similar is true for Pizza Hut. Many of its restaurants across the city and country are making a sizeable profit, which is adding value growth to its shareholders, who have reposed confidence in the corporate governance of Pizza Hut.MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVE (MBO) IN PIZZA HUTManagement by Objective s refers to the mutual agreement of managers and subordinates over companys objectives. In a given time, it is expected the objectives to be achieved and those who have contributed greatly in the attainment of these objectives, should be rewarded. In Pizza Hut weekly meetings of the managers are held on a steady basis and sub ordinates are also invited in the meeting to give their input and feedback of the outcomes of previous meetings. The plans and other modus operandi are discussed for implementation and they are monitored on a daily basis. The suggestions and observations of the staff, mainly the Front of House staff, are highly appreciated. The staff is encouraged to put forward their suggestions for the improvement of services being provided and the food being served. Moreover if the staff members perform well in achieving the objectives, they are rewarded with recognition, cash rewards, bonuses etc. Pizza Hut gives them recognition by announcing employee of the week. The pic ture of that employee is sent to the area and regional offices which helps in making a good image of the employee in front of the senior staff.As the decisions regarding the goals of the company are made by two managers and subordinates by stating ideas which are later listed and evaluated, thus, we can say that the strategy that Pizza Hut uses for making decisions is Brainstorming.Internal Environmental ScanningPizza Hut has freehanded into a stature of big restaurant chain in a very short period of time. Proper planning, monitoring, ensuring availability of adequate resources, timely strict measures and quality food services have contributed greatly to its rise in already very competitive market.StrengthThe Pizza Hut brand is wide known all over the world and has its outlets in many countries. The market standing of Pizza Hut is very high. Whenever a person thinks of consume pizza, Pizza Hut is the first name that comes into ones mind.The greatest strength of Pizza Hut comes from inside. The highly skilled labor is professionally trained with emphasis on quality services. Detailed job descriptions of the staff, career growth ladder, top down goals attainment policy of the management and governance are a few of the contributing factors in the success story of Pizza Hut.Needless to mention the main focus has always been customer satisfaction. The management always strives to do whatever is possible so that when the customers go out they not only are satisfied with the food, environment, services etc but they become Pizza Huts ambassadors and recommend others to their products.In-house training sessions are organized for the staff members. They are kept informed about different achievements through news bulletin. High performers are rewarded every month and their names and designations are considered for special increments and promotions. There are many ways of rewarding front of house (FOH) staff members like giving them cash rewards, free meals or deploy ing them on hot tables where customers favor to sit more likely.Pizza Hut has played its due fibre with respect to CSR. Ensuring pollution free environment, contributing to the communities and societies in the projects of education, health and taking part in alleviating poverty in the areas, where they operate, are some of the achievements, Pizza Hut is proud of.Being an international brand they also have strong financial resources as the materials used by Pizza Hut in making pizza are not local, as used by other pizza making companies. As Pizza Hut is a multinational company and the materials that it uses comes from outside Pakistan and is fresh and healthy for its customers.Pizza Hut also offers free home delivery together with online delivery for its customers who wish to consume pizzas at their own place. Due to this the people who dont want to go out for dine-in can have pizzas from Pizza Hut, rather than opting for some other restaurant, within 30 minutes free of the costs o f home delivery.Although Pizza Hut is famous for pizzas, however, it also offers desserts, beverages, salads, pastas etc. for its customers. different than that it has a shape of flavors in pizzas as well. Some flavors that it puts forward are seasonal like Double Masti, whereas some continue throughout the year.WeaknessNo company can be perfect or remain perfect vis--vis its goals and objectives. As the goals evolve so do the companies as the time passes by. Pizza Hut has also experienced slums in its business due to following weaker policies. In Pakistan, where local restaurants have also entered into the pizza selling business with much cheaper prices and with more varieties, Pizza Hut has stuck to its prices robustly and offers very limited promotional deals to its customers. As a result, in many areas after making huge losses, it had to close its outlets only to move to more posh areas.Although, there are varieties of other items available for sale in Pizza Hut restaurants, h owever, the hot selling item is pizzas and salads. despite best efforts and reward policy to its staff, the management has not been able to increase the sales of pastas, desserts and beverages.External Environmental ScanningOpportunitiesUnlike local restaurant businesses, due to its global presence, Pizza Hut has always got edge over other local and international restaurants gyves. It has got thousands of restaurants around the world, serving millions of customers every day with same variety of food. This hallmark of Pizza Hut, no matter which locality, city or country it is located, the quality of food and the ambience of the restaurant is always fascinating and captivating. The aroma which comes out of the serving food has no match with other pizza selling restaurants. This uniqueness of Pizza Hut has always found it most demanding restaurant when it comes to eating pizzas.ThreatsLike all businesses, Pizza Hut is threatened with the arrival of other competitors. The competitors not only offer products cheaper in prices but the quality of the products has also been up to the mark. Another area which poses challenges to Pizza Hut is law order situation of the city particularly and the country generally. The sectarian violence has affected the revenue of Pizza Hut greatly and its restaurants, which are located in middle class localities and are the worst sufferers.Pizza Hut also focuses on PEST (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological) to discipline the demographics based on which they can decide which product should be given more emphasis and which deal should be discontinued.PEST (POLITICAL, ECONOMICAL, SOCIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL)POLITICAL environsThe fall law order situation in the city particularly and the country generally has greatly affected all businesses and Pizza Hut is no exception. sectarist clashes, bomb blasts and strikes have all played their role in declining revenue for Pizza Hut. Many restaurants of Pizza Hut, which are in sensitive l ocalities have registered distressing financial results mainly due to less number of customers visiting them, late night deals are rendered of no use and even due to lack of transport, the staff members cannot reach their restaurants. Due to poor law order situation, the customers prefer to have home delivery, however, the city situation again becomes hindrance and delivery staff find it difficult to reach the customers homes.ECONOMICAL ENVIRONMENTIf a country is developed than its economy will be good and the per capita income of the people will be high. As a result people will spend more money on food items and other products. In our study we came to know that since the products of Pizza Hut are comparatively expensive, people of average income occasionally visit their restaurants. Further, due to ever growing popularity of pizza among the Pakistani people, more international and local chains of restaurants have opened these services like Pizza Point, Pizza Next, Pizza One, Larg esse etc. and are available on very cheaper prices. Although quality of the ingredients used by other competitors is debatable however because of low prices, they have given tough competition to Pizza Hut. The management of Pizza Hut is aware of this and has taken measures to counter them by offering deals and midnight packages. They also sell pizza coupons offering economical deals with buy one get one free options.SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTThe management of Pizza Hut is also mindful of social environment of our country. Every person has his own value, religion, belief which is always dear to him. While offering services to its valued customers, Pizza Hut has always taken note of it and has desisted from offering such services which may offend or hurt the feelings of their customers whether they be religious, cultural or any other. Demography of the population in which the restaurants operate is also very important, like in Pakistan, chicken tikka flavor is very popular since people like t o dine out for barbeque and if that flavor is available in pizza or burgers, people love to give them a try. Pizza Hut has managed itself very well in this respect and has assimilated itself quickly in the Pakistani culture. Before opening a restaurant, a thorough survey is undertaken to point the demography of the population living in the area, income bracket in which it falls, eating habits and how frequently they go out for dining and which dishes they usually prefer for dine-outs. Based on the results and final conclusion, a decision is taken for opening of restaurant or otherwise.TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTLike the effectiveness of technology in other areas, it has a great impact on the Pizza Hut running. It has state of the art equipment like baking ovens, IT devices etc. It is ensured that an order placed at any restaurant does not take more than 20 minutes to be served for dine-in and 30 minutes for home delivery. In some selected areas, an online service for ordering pizza h as also started and yielding good results for the management.Business Portfolio AnalysisStar (Pizza Salad)Question Mark (Drinks)Cash Cow (Sides Desserts)Dogs (Pasta)HighMarketGrowthLowHigh congener Market Share LowStarStar is the position where the market growth and the market share of a product are high. In fictional character of Pizza Hut, pizza and salad are at this position. They both have a good market standing and their demand has highly increased within no time. Pizza Hut offers pizzas of different flavors preferred by a lap of people, whereas salads are also popular among people and are consumed in the time when they are waiting for their main courses to be served.Cash CowsCash Cow is the ideal position where the market share of a product is high but its market growth is low. Sides and desserts of Pizza Hut have a high share but are not preferred by a lot of people. They are not popular among masses, however, as they have a good market share growth is possible by making a few changes and modifying the products according to the needs of the customersQuestion MarkQuestion Mark is the position where the market growth of a product is high but its market share is low. Beverages offered in Pizza Hut most appropriately fit in this position as they are preferred by people when offered to them as part of a deal but otherwise they are not the ideal choice of the customers who come to Pizza Hut. The sales of these items can be increased by increasing their market share.DogDog is the position where both the market share and market growth of a product are low. Pastas offered by Pizza Hut very much fit into this position as Pizza Hut does not offer large variety of pastas, nor does it invest large with child(p) to improve its product. In order to make the sales of pastas high, Pizza Hut should divert some of its revenue generated from pizzas and salads towards pastas and present larger varieties of it, thereby increasing its market share which will result in i ts growth as well.INCREASING THE SALES OF A PRODUCTPizza Hut encourages its workers to increase the sales of those products which are not doing good business by giving them duty at the hot tables as a reward. These are the tables where the customers are most likely to sit. It even gives cash reward to the staff who works hard in increasing the sales of such product. The staff members are given salary bonuses as well for accomplishing this task.Product cycleEvery product goes through at least five phases of its evolution. First phase is called introduction phase, where the product is produced and marketed for consumption. This introduction phase is always important. If the product gets approval of the consumers, it goes through second phase of growth. Which means since the demand is increasing the supply will increase which will result in growth of the product. In third phase the very same product reaches at maturity level. Every producer wants to see his product stretch this level, as at this level the profit maximization is very high and product becomes a star for the manufacturer. After this level the product goes through chroma phase. At this stage most of the consumers would have used this product and hence it reaches at a saturation level. It also implies that further demand for the product is not possible due to various reasons. No manufacturer or producer will want its product to reach at this phase. In order to defend the product reaching this stage, they bring in innovations in the product and if this is not possible then they introduce another product, which again start the cycle as mentioned above. After saturation phase, the products decline starts and it is considered as dogs according to business portfolio analysis.Introduction Growth Maturity Saturation DeclineIntroductionOne of recently introduced products PZone can be put at introduction stage. The demand for the product at this time is very low, however, the management of Pizza Hut is very o ptimistic about the product gaining popularity in the coming days.GrowthRecently, Pizza Hut management has also focused on increasing the sale of its sides desserts. They have also made it part of their promotional deals like garlic bread is now available with many deals. They are expecting that this will increase the sales of sides and desserts in a big way and thus their profitability margin.MaturityPizzas of different varieties and salads are their most selling items and can easily be plotted at maturity phase. The management of Pizza Hut is continuously striving to keep this product at this stage for all the time, because this is the most revenue generating item and if this fails, the company will fail itself.SaturationDrinks can be plotted at saturation stage, since a very few customers buy drinks. Drinks are part of many deals and one does not feel need to buy extra drinks while dinning in.DeclineSale of pasta can be described as reaching decline stage. Rarely a customer come s who demands for pasta. Although many efforts at Pizza Hut are made to increase the sale of pasta, however, it seems that this product has reached its decline stage and may not stage a comeback. The management will need to introduce another product similar to pasta to attract customers.ORGANIZINGFollowed by planning, the organizing is the second most important function of management system. It is a function in which the combinations of human, physical and financial resources all bring to gather the desired results. They all are equally important and absence of anyone can put adverse effects on the results. According to Chester Bernand, Organizing is a function by which the concern is able to define the role of positions, the jobs related and the co-ordination between sanction and responsibility.Organizing function is performed by following stepsIdentification of activitiesDepartmentally organizing the activitiesClassifying the authorityCoordinating authority and responsibility rel ationshipsImportanceOrganizing plays an important and central role in management system. In organizing process, it is the manager who uses his skills to utilize the organizational resources efficiently.Primary mechanism managers use to activate plansMaintains relationship between all organizational resources.Division of workGrowth and diversificationSense of securityEstablish formal lines of authorityThe things are executed by different managers. All these managers ensure that whatever work is being done in the company is to achieve the companys objectives.Organizing at Pizza HutAs Pizza Hut is a multi-national company, it has to focus more on organizing. At Pizza Hut, management organizes all its resources in order to implement the course of action it determines in the planning process. Through the process of getting organized, the management determines the internal organizational structure establishes and maintains relationships and allocates necessary resources.Organizational Str ucturePizza Hut has built an integrated executive-level structure and process to assess, guide and oversee Pizza Huts worldwide activities. The company is engaged in a number of internal and external stakeholders along the way and will continue to engage additional stakeholders as the company moves forward in the journey.Pizza Hut will continue to refine their structure as needed, as well as the ways in which Pizza Hut measures progress against the objectives, to enhance their capabilities and effectiveness.According to the Organization Chart of the company, there is Restaurant Support Centre under which comes parts like HR, Marketing, Finance and dimension and Field Operations, which runs the restaurants.DepartmentalizationRole of Human ResourceThe Human Resource department deals with the management within the organization. There are number of responsibilities that the HR department has to deal with. At first, the HR department of Pizza Hut is responsible for hiring members of st aff which will involve attracting more employees, assigning them their positions and ensuring that the employees will perform the task. HR department of Pizza Hut is also responsible for organizing the people in entire company and also sets the day to day goals for the organization.Role of Marketing DepartmentThe role of Marketing Department of Pizza H

Uganda and Australia Economic Comparison

Uganda and Australia Economic ComparisonMiranda CogdellAudra HarrisINTRODUCTIONThis essay will reflect a comparison amidst the poor body politic of Uganda and the slopped nation of Australia. Differences between a poor nation and wealthy 1 both depend on on the selfsame(prenominal) factors which include Infrastructure, exports, imports, schooling, GDP, population, and etc. These factors is what basically makes or breaks a country. Aspects like nutrition and health depend on these factors because its what makes avail equal to(p) resources and depots to be able to afford the necessary equipment and supplies to sustain a healthy nation. What makes a nation wealthy doesnt solely depend on the m whizy aspect, but the benefits of universe provided opportunity to allow a country to grow and have economic stability. Throughout this essay I will describes current events that Uganda is facing comp ared to Australia whose information provided is to a majusculeer extent general. The dif ference is significant because of lack of opportunity that Uganda has been provided.GDPGross Domestic Product of a country depends on several things. All of which can be at different levels inside the country. GDP depends on education status, exports, imports, infrastructure, governing body spending, and investment. According to the World Bank source, Ugandas GDP in 2012 was 19.88 billion USD. Australias GDP is 1.521 trillion USD according to the World Bank. It is quite clear to see the difference between these two countries GDPs. Australia is more advanced than Uganda in many aspects. Uganda is designate one of the poorest countries because it hasnt been able to come in a higher place the poverty line. In order to make money there must be money that has to be spent. There isnt much income within the country of Uganda, so the steps that this country takes to try to create stability are very careful steps. floorInfrastructure can be a road, building, or substantial physical suppli es that help in the purifyment and advancement of a society, community, or country. Uganda is quite a poor nation and several years ago a program was established to produce a number of roads to better the transportation in Uganda communities. One of their biggest problems were the lack of access to transportation to improve the agricultural aspect of Uganda...the lack of access roads in many clownish communities made it extremely gruelling for farmers to market their produce. This limited farmers productivity, contributed to their apathy about technical innovations, and burdened traders in rural areas with high transaction costs. Farmers received lower prices as a result. In addition, farmers lacked reliable, up to-date information on market prices, and were considerablely unaware of potentially profitable market opportunities. (Uganda Community Agricultural Infrastructure Improvement Programme, pg. 6) The above statement states the problems that those in Uganda were having. Fo r a country to have a better GDP, problems like this should be fixed. Ugandas infrastructure is low and packs to be improved. electricity is also beginning to begin a sufficient problem within Uganda. The school systems are starting to struggle more. Students in primary and secondary schools need the necessary technology to advance their education, but that will non happen without an electrical resource. Programs such a the Agricultural Infrastructure Improvement Program is one of the first to show improvements, which can lead to the opening of other infrastructure programs that help build the country. Its just one of the many steps to improve the countrys GDP and put them on a higher scale in the world.Australia is a head rounded country whose GDP is non lacking in any sense. They are in a place where they are able to produce roads and buildings to further their prospering country. They are currently going with a tax loss and they now make list three times out of the year o f infrastructure priorities that should take place.EXPORTS AND IMPORTSUganda is one of the poorest countries because of its economic instability, but the past years have consisted of statistics that shows the growth of the country due to the help of its natural resources. Since Uganda is rich in agriculture, so they in general focus their exports on crops and such. Their briny exports consist of coffee, tea, cotton, and tobacco. Their imports is what really shows the struggle the nation faces. They import things such as equipment, medical supplies, and transportation. Becoming a wealthy nation isnt the easiest thing to do, but right now the ruff growth that Uganda will see is through its exports. Agriculture is their best chance at gaining somewhat of a fair economic stability compared to other countries.Australia has surprisingly shown up and down battles when it comes to exports and imports. Australia has similar top trading partners for exports and imports which would include J apan, United States, res publica of Korea, China, India, and etc. Australias best exports have been beginning to decline in the past three years. Commodities such as coal, aluminum, and copper have all declined in the past years. It hasnt reached a point where the country has to worry, but investigating the situation may be helpful. There could many possibilities on why countries Australia commonly trades with arent wanting the usual amount of commodities. Other countries could be facing financial problems of their own or have found a cheaper price from a different country. Exports and imports are very important parts in balancing the equation in calculating the GDP of a country. When variables begin to be adjusted, in this case, the variables are being adjusted in a negative slope.EDUCATIONEducation is seen as one of the most important aspects of developing a wealthy nation. In recent articles there has been many debates on what is really holding back up an advancement in educat ion in Uganda. Sean Coughlan, a BBC News correspondent, latterly published an article about why exactly Uganda isnt experiencing any improvements in education. The answers seem to be clear and it is because of the lack of teachers and infrastructure in Uganda. many a(prenominal) teachers are still waiting to receive their payment for the previous month. Money is a serious problem in the school system. There isnt overflowing money to fund the teachers. Coughlan suggest that since many of the teachers in Uganda have to find multiple jobs to pay their bills they dont put all of their focus on the children and the schools. This is when it becomes even more of a problem. Promoting Equality in African Schools (PEAS) is a program that helps sustain and improve the quality and standard of schools in Africa. PEAS came up with a solution that may help with some of the financial problems. The parents are required to pay a small fee to schools. This will allow future income to fund the teach ers, but this isnt the last of the schooling problems. Infrastructure has become an issue. There is a great lack of electricity that Uganda is available to, and the schools need computers and textbooks. Compared to other well functioning countries, not having new technology in schools is out of the question. If infrastructure improves, then that could be the breakthrough that schools need to provide a better education for the students.Australian educational system is very diverse and growing rapidly. Compared to any other stables country, Australia has a number of primary and secondary schools, song with universities that are government funded. They do not lack any funds within their school systems, but that doesnt mean that students are always focused and have the best test scores. Recently, there have been studies that have shown that Australian teenage students are showing fallen math and reading scores compared to ten years prior. These students are provided with new computers a nd other new technology advancement to encourage the students, but it doesnt seem to be having the effect that was hoped for. This proves that new technology will not give the necessary encouragement students in wealthy nations need to be successful and driven.POPULATIONUganda was making great strides in decreasing poverty within the country, but the add in population is making it hard to continue on that path. The increase in population is only making things quite difficult on rural areas. This just means that there are going to be more people who fall beneath the poverty line. Population increase can cause more harm than good in poor countries. It starts to affect the health and nutrition of the people and only adds to already many problems. many are farmers in these rural areas and they arent able to have access to the things they need to establish regular income. These farmers typically live in the remote rural areas where there are not sufficient and able roads. These farmers are also oblivious to new technology that would increase their crops and keep the pest away.Currently, Australia is going through a boom in their population due to a lag in previous generations. Research shows that the impact the population has an area depends on their practices and insouciant intake. Although, Australia is able to provide double the exports and imports which would be enough for their country , but also any country outside of theirs. But there is debate on rather or not the population should increase abundantly. People are assuming that if the population begins to increase, then everyone will have to start to cut back on their intake of items.CONCLUSIONParts of Uganda are starting to develop at a sufficient pace, but there are other problems in different areas that are causing setbacks for the developing parts. While researching the two countries I could tell by the GDP which country would be considered the poor one and which the wealthy. Uganda main struggling poi nts is education and infrastructure. They have the natural resources to strive in agricultural, but their rural areas are not witnessing the same economic growth because they are in remote parts of the country. Both farmers and students cannot be helped until the roads and newer technology is introduced to them. My personal belief is that these people should be removed from these areas and brought to more developing parts of the country. As population increases it becomes a greater problem because now there are more people in these remote areas who are not getting the graceful care and resources they need.I believe to be a wealthy nation one must be awarded the opportunity to be wealthy. I find it leftover that countries like Australia could thrive, but Uganda is not. Im not saying that Uganda will never thrive, but why arent they at the same level as Australia. Why are there still remote parts of Uganda that people are a part of. I believe countries are giving opportunities to be come better and Uganda was not one of them along with other poor nations. How come our ways arent moving towards the poor nations and trying to help improve them. many wealthy nations have the resources and funding to help poor nations rise and stand on their own feet. Uganda being rich in agriculture could be a benefit to other countries. They export to great countries, but those exports could double if farmers in remote parts werent so isolated and so uninvolved in the economic growth and decisions of more developing parts. I have yet to find any real true answer to why these countries are so different in mass ways. Yes, its clear that with no resources there is nothing to come from, but resources can be shared and provided in great demand from other wealthy countries. Something should be done outside the poor nations to fix the economic problems. Poverty shouldnt come in such large numbers. One country shouldnt worry about not having clean fresh water while the other could care l ess because they see it as it will always be there. Something must be done.CitationsAfrican Development Bank twist today, a better Africa tomorrow. African Development Bank Building today, a better Africa tomorrow. 25 Mar. 2014 http//www.afdb.org/.Australias trade in goods and services Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs andTrade. Australias trade in goods and services Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 18 Feb. 2014. http//dfat.gov.au/publications/tgs/index.html.Beder, Sharon. The Nature of Sustainable Development. 2nd ed. Scribe, Newham, 1996, pp. 159-61.Coughlan, Sean. Tackling Ugandas lack of school places. BBC News. 08 Jan. 2014. 21 Feb. 2014.http//www.bbc.com/news/business-25304848.Economy Watch derive The Money. Uganda Trade, Import, Export. 02 Mar. 2014 http//www.economywatch.com/world_economy/uganda/export-import.html.Home Rural Poverty Portal. Rural Poverty Portal. 22 Feb. 2014 http//www.ruralpovertyportal.org/country/home/ tags/uganda.Infrastructure Priority List Submissions. Infrastructure Priority List Submissions. 15 Feb. 2014http//www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/priority_list/submissions.aspx.

Bestowed Existence :: essays research papers

<a href="http//www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknins Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web SitesKnives and forks are objects external to us. They have an objective - or at least(prenominal) an intersubjective - existence. Presumably, they will be there even if no one watches or uses them ever again. We potentiometer safely call them "Objective Entities". Our emotions and thoughts can be communicated - save they are NOT the communication itself or its contents. They are "Subjective Entities", internal, dependent upon the existence of one observer - us. But what about numbers? The number one, for instance, has no objective, observer-independent status. I am not referring to the number one as adjective, as in "one apple". I am referring to it as a complete entity. As an entity it seems to stand alone in some way (its out there) - and be subjective in other ways (dependent upon observers). Numbers belong to a third category & quotBestowed Entities". These are entities whose existence is bestowed upon them by social agreement between conscious agents. But this definition is so wide and all comprehend that it might be considered useless. Religion and money are two examples of entities which owe their existence to a social agreement between conscious entities - yet they dont decrease us as universal and out there (objective) as numbers do. Indeed, this distinction is pertinent and our definition should be refined accordingly. We must distinguish " kind Entities" (like money or religion) from "Bestowed Entities". The latter - in stark contrast to the former - are not universal, they re dependent on the society, culture and period that gave them birth. non so with numbers. Numbers are Platonic ideas which come into existence through an act of conscious agreement between ALL the agents capable of reaching much(prenominal) an agreement. While conscious agents can argue about the value of money (read, about its existence) and about the existence of God - no rational, conscious agent can have an argument regarding the number one. Apparently, the bestowed entity category seems to free itself from the eternal dichotomy of internal versus external. It is both and comfortably so. But this is only an illusion. The dichotomy does persist. The bestowed entity is internal to the convention of consenting conscious-rational agents - but it is external to any single agent (individual). In other words, a group of rational conscious agents is certain to bestow existence on the number one.

play review :: essays research papers

Play ReviewCOPSWhen I found out that I had to attend champaign Plays plays for class I was looking forward to attending them. I told my wife that I had to attend and she had to go with me. Since I was not too excited about going to a play I let my wife pick out the play. We decided to see COPS at the Steve Allen Theater in Hollywood. The two main characters are surreptitious Chicago police officers. They would always come to the diner early in the morning and tell stories of there experiences in the police department. But this particular wickedness was going to be different from any other night. As we proceeded to enter the theater we walked up a flight of stairs to the second floor of the theater. As I entered the theater I was surprised how small it was. The stage was set up as a diner in City of Chicago in the 1970s at approximately two in the morning. The diner consisted of a working stove, frying area, and all the working restaurant equipment. As I walked into the theater I s py hotshot of the actors standing by the stove cooking what appeared to be bacon. The smell of bacon filled the air. The cook, was also playing the part of the owner of the diner, was interacting with the await like we did not even exist. As I was seating and waiting for the performance to begin I was looking at the stage area and was in truth impressed to the detail they put into the set. The set was a small area with about five tables, 4 bar stools, and wood panel walls. I noticed their there where were three actors on stage the waitress, the cook, and a customer reading a newspaper and eating his omelet. The lighting was art deco design with fluorescent round balls that hung downstairs the ceiling. The door opened in the diner, an actor walked into the diner drenched in water. I could hear the sound effects of the rain. The actor sat on one of the bar stools in the counter. The door opened again and there was one of the main characters of the play. This character was one of th e undercover police officers officers that was a regular at the diner. This actor gave a great performance. His interaction with the other actors was, as they really were not acting at all.